I couldn’t reproduce this issue. When I merge the .srt (re-named them to the default Japanese video name first), with the original video and put them back into a .tpatch file, the game loads them normally.
Seems like you have an issue with the character encoding, since the original filenames contain Japanese characters. Maybe your system, or program used to merge the .srt has issues with these characters.
From what I see, your .srt files already don’t match the original file names and contain weird symbols instead (e.g. “3-4-3-1-1_ïxîe1ë±û+(æüéó)_1_087_break_0_0.srt”), so I’m guessing it’s the same for the video files you’re merging them with?
Does the name stay the same as the original when you extract and compress the videos into .zip again?
Otherwise, you could try changing the name encoding in WinRAR before extracting the files:
Also, I would suggest using Bandizip to compress them back into .zip/tpatch afterwards, since you don’t want them to actually get “compressed” the way WinRAR does it, so that the game can still read the video files.
Alternatively you could try manually changing the video name to the original and give that a try.